Dozens of countries now offer a digital nomad visa, but they vary wildly in income thresholds, length, tax treatment and how pleasant the paperwork is. This guide cuts through it: who each one suits, what you need, and the traps to watch for.
What a digital nomad visa is — and is not
It is a residence permit that lets you live in a country while working remotely for clients or an employer outside that country. It is not a local work permit — you generally cannot take a job with a local company on it. Most require you to prove a minimum monthly income and valid health insurance.
Europe’s strongest options
- Spain — popular and well-run; requires income comfortably above the Spanish minimum wage (roughly €2,500+/month), foreign clients, and clean records. Can come with a favourable tax rate in the early years.
- Portugal — the D8 visa, a long-standing favourite, with a clear income threshold and a route toward longer-term residence.
- Greece — generous two-year permit, around €3,500/month income, and a tax incentive for new residents.
- Croatia & Estonia — straightforward, lower-key options; Estonia pioneered the concept and keeps it simple.
- Italy — launched its version more recently, aimed at higher earners and skilled workers.
Beyond Europe
- UAE (Dubai) — a one-year remote-work visa with a clear income requirement and no personal income tax.
- Georgia — exceptionally easy entry for many nationalities and a low-tax regime for small businesses, making it a long-time nomad favourite.
- Thailand, Brazil, Mexico and others — a growing range, with very different costs and lifestyles.
💡 The income threshold is usually the deciding factor. Check whether it is counted net or gross, over how many months, and whether savings can substitute for part of it.
Do not ignore tax
Living somewhere long enough — often more than 183 days a year — can make you a tax resident there, regardless of where your clients are. Some nomad visas come with special reduced-tax regimes; others do not. Factor tax in before you choose, and take advice if your income is significant.
How to choose
- Match the income requirement to what you can comfortably prove.
- Weigh the tax treatment, not just the lifestyle.
- Check the path to renewal or permanent residence if you may stay.
- Line up housing early — many visas ask for a local address or lease as part of the application.
Frequently asked questions
What income do I need for a digital nomad visa?
It varies by country — roughly €2,500/month for Spain and around €3,500 for Greece, with others higher or lower. Check whether it is measured net or gross and over how many months.
Can I work for a local company on a digital nomad visa?
Generally no. These visas are for remote work for clients or employers outside the host country, not for taking a local job.
Do digital nomad visas make me a tax resident?
They can. Staying more than about 183 days a year often triggers tax residency. Some visas include reduced-tax regimes; always check the tax treatment before choosing.
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